Understanding Kissing Spine in Horses

Introduction

Kissing spine, also known as overriding dorsal spinous processes, is a condition that affects many horses, causing them pain and discomfort. If you're a horse owner, it's crucial to be aware of this condition, recognize the symptoms early, and take appropriate action to ensure the well-being of your beloved equine companion.

What is Kissing Spine?

Kissing spine occurs when the spinous processes of the vertebrae in a horse’s back touch or overlap. This contact can cause significant pain, leading to a host of performance issues and behavioral problems. Typically, the condition is most prevalent in the thoracic (mid-back) and lumbar (lower back) regions. Kissing spine can be hereditary, it can also be caused by having the horses back overloaded by not having strong musculature to hold the veterbrae in flexion whilst a rider is on board which is usually through backing a horse too early in it's development. Horses can also get kissing spine secondary to a problem within the hindlimbs such as tendon or ligament injury, arthritc changes or porro posture adaptations.

Symptoms of Kissing Spine

Identifying kissing spine can be challenging as the symptoms can often be subtle. Here are some common signs to look out for:

• Back Pain: Visible discomfort when the horse’s back is touched.

• Behavioral Changes: Reluctance to move forward, bucking, rearing, or resistance to being saddled or ridden.

• Stiffness: Reduced flexibility and stiffness in the back.

• Poor Performance: Decreased performance in previously manageable tasks and activities.

• Changes in Posture: Abnormal posture while standing or moving.

Diagnosing Kissing Spine

Diagnosis typically involves a combination of:

• Physical Examinations: A thorough physical examination by a veterinarian.

• Radiographs (X-rays): Imaging to visually confirm the contact between the vertebrae.

• Ultrasound: In some cases, ultrasounds may be used to assess the condition of the soft tissues around the affected area.

A proper diagnosis is critical for determining the most effective treatment plan.

Causes and Risk Factors

Several factors can contribute to the development of kissing spine:

• Conformation Issues: Certain horses, due to their conformation, may be more predisposed to developing kissing spine.

• Poor Saddle Fit: Incorrectly fitted saddles can place undue stress on the horse’s back.

• Repetitive Stress: Activities that place constant stress on the back, such as jumping or certain types of riding, can increase the risk.

• Genetics and Breed Predisposition: Some breeds or specific bloodlines may be more susceptible to this condition.

• Secondary compensation to pain or discomfort within the hindlimbs causing the vertebrae to go into extension

Treatment Options

Treatment for kissing spine aims to alleviate pain and improve the horse's quality of life. Depending on the severity, treatment options include:

Non-Surgical Treatments

• Veterinary Physiotherapy: Exercise regimes to strengthen the back muscles and improve flexibility, alongside non invasive pain relief and mobilising tissues

• Proper Saddle Fitting: Ensuring the horse's saddle fits correctly to reduce pressure on sensitive areas.

• Medication: Anti-inflammatory drugs and muscle relaxants to control pain and inflammation.

Surgical Treatments

For severe cases, surgical intervention may be required. Common procedures include:

• Interspinous Ligament Desmotomy: Cutting the ligaments between the affected vertebrae to reduce pain.

• Bone Resection: Removing a portion of the affected spinous processes.

Both surgical methods have shown high success rates, though they require careful post-operative care and a gradual return to work of at least 6 months before being ridden.

Prevention Tips

Preventing kissing spine involves maintaining overall back health through:

• Proper Conditioning: Regular conditioning exercises to strengthen the back muscles.

• Balanced Riding: Promote balanced riding techniques and ensure even weight distribution.

• Regular Check-ups: Regular veterinary and vet physio check-ups to catch issues early.

• Proper Equipment: Ensuring that all gear, especially saddles, is appropriately fitted to your horse.

Conclusion

Kissing spine is a manageable condition with the right approach. Timely diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and preventive care can greatly enhance your horse's well-being and performance. Always seek professional advice if you suspect your horse might be suffering from kissing spine.